「Linux」awk实现根据指定分隔符切分字符串

ahcoder 2025-04-09 13:42 34 浏览

在Linux环境编写shell脚本时，有时会遇到需要将一个带指定分隔符的字符串解析成单个字符串分别使用，awk命令可以帮助实现这个小需求

示例脚本splitTest.sh具体代码如下：

#!/bin/bash

getSplitNum(){
  splitStr=$1
  splitDelimiter=$2

  echo ${splitStr} | awk -F ${splitDelimiter} '{print NF}' 
}

getSplitFieldContent(){
  splitStr=$1
  splitDelimiter=$2
  splitFieldNum=$3

  echo ${splitStr} | awk -F ${splitDelimiter} '{print

${splitFieldNum}'}'
}

#分隔符
DELIMITER="|"
TestStr1="null|1|1|null|1"
TestStr2="|1|1||1"
TestStr3="||||"

num1=`getSplitNum ${TestStr1} ${DELIMITER}`
num2=`getSplitNum ${TestStr2} ${DELIMITER}`
num3=`getSplitNum ${TestStr3} ${DELIMITER}`

echo "TestStr1=(${TestStr1})"
echo "num1=${num1}"
echo "TestStr1(1)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr1} ${DELIMITER} 1`)"
echo "TestStr1(2)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr1} ${DELIMITER} 2`)"
echo "TestStr1(3)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr1} ${DELIMITER} 3`)"
echo "TestStr1(4)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr1} ${DELIMITER} 4`)"
echo "TestStr1(5)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr1} ${DELIMITER} 5`)"

echo ""
echo "TestStr2=(${TestStr2})"
echo "num2=${num2}"
echo "TestStr2(1)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr2} ${DELIMITER} 1`)"
echo "TestStr2(2)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr2} ${DELIMITER} 2`)"
echo "TestStr2(3)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr2} ${DELIMITER} 3`)"
echo "TestStr2(4)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr2} ${DELIMITER} 4`)"
echo "TestStr2(5)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr2} ${DELIMITER} 5`)"

echo ""
echo "TestStr3=(${TestStr3})"
echo "num3=${num3}"
echo "TestStr3(1)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr3} ${DELIMITER} 1`)"
echo "TestStr3(2)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr3} ${DELIMITER} 2`)"
echo "TestStr3(3)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr3} ${DELIMITER} 3`)"
echo "TestStr3(4)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr3} ${DELIMITER} 4`)"
echo "TestStr3(5)=(`getSplitFieldContent ${TestStr3} ${DELIMITER} 5`)"

执行上述脚本，结果如下

sjmz@ubuntu:~/sjmz$ sh splitTest.sh 
TestStr1=(null|1|1|null|1)
num1=5
TestStr1(1)=(null)
TestStr1(2)=(1)
TestStr1(3)=(1)
TestStr1(4)=(null)
TestStr1(5)=(1)

TestStr2=(|1|1||1)
num2=5
TestStr2(1)=()
TestStr2(2)=(1)
TestStr2(3)=(1)
TestStr2(4)=()
TestStr2(5)=(1)

TestStr3=(||||)
num3=5
TestStr3(1)=()
TestStr3(2)=()
TestStr3(3)=()
TestStr3(4)=()
TestStr3(5)=()

完！！！

linux 字符串

「Linux」awk实现根据指定分隔符切分字符串

相关推荐

为什么有人认为Linux不如macOS?

linux系统实用篇-8、系统配置与优化

执手的Linux运维小知识:sshpass工具简化ssh密码输入

Linux中如何启用root用户

6款Linux常用远程连接工具，你最中意哪一款?

如何远程执行Linux命令和脚本?大技霸来教你

Windows如何远程linux(桌面版)

InfiniBand网络运维全指南:从驱动安装到故障排查

如何使用 Linux find 命令查找文件?

Rackspace的所有平台将支持Ubuntu Linux